Lighting

Lighting refers to the techniques used for enlightenment, usually referring to simulated light sources such as lamps or flashlights.
Ordinary indoor lighting is by windows and skylights.
Artificial indoor lighting is by means of lamps, today usually electric lights, but previously by gas, candles or oil lamps. New freestanding lamps typically have a base which holds up a light bulb which is enclosed by a lampshade. Modern moveable lighting is typically a flashlight (also called a torch) running on battery. Indoor lighting is a form of furnish, and a critical part of interior design. Likewise, lighting can also be a main part of landscaping.
In cities, streets are often lighted at night, generally by streetlights (also known as lamp-posts). These are a type of street furniture. Minor or rural roads may not be lit. In major cities, light pollution is of increasing concern.

Lighting Design

Lighting design it applies to the built environment, also known as 'architectural lighting design', is both a science and an art. Proper comprehensive lighting design requires consideration of amount of functional light provided, the energy consumed, as well as the aesthetic impact supplied by the lighting system. Some buildings, like surgical centers and sports facilities are primarily concerned with providing appropriate amount of light for associated task. Some buildings, like warehouses and office buildings are primarily concerned with saving money through the energy efficiency of lighting system. Other buildings, like casinos and theatres are primarily concerned with enhancing the appearance and emotional impact of architecture through lighting systems. Therefore, it is important that the sciences of artificial light production and luminaries photometric are balanced with the artistic application of light as a medium in built environment. These artificial lighting systems should also consider the impacts and ideally be integrated with, delighting systems.

The Illumination Engineering Society of North America, addition with organizations like ANSI and ASHRAE, publishes guidelines, standards, and handbooks that allow categorization of the illumination needs of different built environments. Manufacturers of lighting equipment publish photometric data for products, which defines the distribution of light released by specific luminaries.This data is typically expressed in standardized form defined by the IESNA.

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